Fang Pengfei graduated from the School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) with a bachelor's degree in 2005. Meanwhile, he was granted an exam-free recommendation qualification for pursuing a master's degree and a doctoral degree in USTC. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 2010,he went to the USA to do postdoctoral research at Scripps Research.He became a research fellow of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences in January 2016.

His research is now focused on the pathways and key machines for protein synthesis and the molecular mechanisms of protein-related human diseases. The research content includes: the interaction of proteins in the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase; the regulatory mechanisms of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in its participation in allergic reaction, individual development, cancerogenesis and other derivation functions; and the development of new small molecule drugs targeting the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. These research results have been published inPNAS, Mol. Cell, JBC, Nat. Commun., Cell Chem. Biol., ACS Chem. Biol.and other journals.